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# History and License

## History of the software

Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl/) in the Netherlands as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python’s principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.

In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/) in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the software.

In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope Corporation; see http://www.zope.com/). In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of the PSF.

All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org/ for the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes the various releases.

Release | Derived from | Year | Owner | GPL compatible?
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0.9.0 thru 1.2 | n/a | 1991-1995 | CWI | yes
1.3 thru 1.5.2 | 1.2 | 1995-1999 | CNRI | yes
1.6 | 1.5.2 | 2000 | CNRI | no
2.0 | 1.6 | 2000 | BeOpen.com | no
1.6.1 | 1.6 | 2001 | CNRI | no
2.1 | 2.0+1.6.1 | 2001 | PSF | no
2.0.1 | 2.0+1.6.1 | 2001 | PSF | yes
2.1.1 | 2.1+2.0.1 | 2001 | PSF | yes
2.2 | 2.1.1 | 2001 | PSF | yes
2.1.2 | 2.1.1 | 2002 | PSF | yes
2.1.3 | 2.1.2 | 2002 | PSF | yes
2.2.1 | 2.2 | 2002 | PSF | yes
2.2.2 | 2.2.1 | 2002 | PSF | yes
2.2.3 | 2.2.2 | 2002-2003 | PSF | yes
2.3 | 2.2.2 | 2002-2003 | PSF | yes
2.3.1 | 2.3 | 2002-2003 | PSF | yes
2.3.2 | 2.3.1 | 2003 | PSF | yes
2.3.3 | 2.3.2 | 2003 | PSF | yes
2.3.4 | 2.3.3 | 2004 | PSF | yes
2.3.5 | 2.3.4 | 2005 | PSF | yes
2.4 | 2.3 | 2004 | PSF | yes
2.4.1 | 2.4 | 2005 | PSF | yes
2.4.2 | 2.4.1 | 2005 | PSF | yes
2.4.3 | 2.4.2 | 2006 | PSF | yes
2.4.4 | 2.4.3 | 2006 | PSF | yes
2.5 | 2.4 | 2006 | PSF | yes
2.5.1 | 2.5 | 2007 | PSF | yes
2.5.2 | 2.5.1 | 2008 | PSF | yes
2.5.3 | 2.5.2 | 2008 | PSF | yes
2.6 | 2.5 | 2008 | PSF | yes
2.6.1 | 2.6 | 2008 | PSF | yes
2.6.2 | 2.6.1 | 2009 | PSF | yes
2.6.3 | 2.6.2 | 2009 | PSF | yes
2.6.4 | 2.6.3 | 2009 | PSF | yes

Note

GPL-compatible doesn’t mean that we’re distributing Python under the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute a modified version without making your changes open source. The GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with other software that is released under the GPL; the others don’t.

Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido’s direction to make these releases possible.

## Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python

PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.6.4

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation (“PSF”), and the Individual or Organization (“Licensee”) accessing and otherwise using Python 2.6.4 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 2.6.4 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that PSF’s License Agreement and PSF’s notice of copyright, i.e., “Copyright © 2001-2010 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved” are retained in Python 2.6.4 alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or incorporates Python 2.6.4 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 2.6.4.
4. PSF is making Python 2.6.4 available to Licensee on an “AS IS” basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 2.6.4 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2.6.4 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 2.6.4, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of its terms and conditions.
7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python 2.6.4, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0

BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com (“BeOpen”), having an office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization (“Licensee”) accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary form and its associated documentation (“the Software”).
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an “AS IS” basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of its terms and conditions.
6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party. As an exception, the “BeOpen Python” logos available at http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions granted on that web page.
7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191 (“CNRI”), and the Individual or Organization (“Licensee”) accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation.
2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI’s License Agreement and CNRI’s notice of copyright, i.e., “Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights Reserved” are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI’s License Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): “Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI’s License Agreement. This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013.”
3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an “AS IS” basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of its terms and conditions.
7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual property law of the United States, including without limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia’s conflict of law provisions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
8. By clicking on the “ACCEPT” button where indicated, or by copying, installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

ACCEPT

CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2

Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, The Netherlands. All rights reserved.

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.

STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

## Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software

This section is an incomplete, but growing list of licenses and acknowledgements for third-party software incorporated in the Python distribution.

### Mersenne Twister

The `_random` module includes code based on a download from http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/ matumoto/MT2002/emt19937ar.html. The following are the verbatim comments from the original code:

    A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.
    Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.

    Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)
    or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).

    Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,
    All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:

     1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
        documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

     3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote
        products derived from this software without specific prior written
        permission.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
    "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
    LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
    A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
    CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
    EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
    PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
    PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
    NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
    SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

    Any feedback is very welcome.
    http://www.math.keio.ac.jp/matumoto/emt.html
    email: matumoto@math.keio.ac.jp

### Sockets

The `socket` module uses the functions, `getaddrinfo()`, and `getnameinfo()`, which are coded in separate source files from the WIDE Project, http://www.wide.ad.jp/.

    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
    All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:
    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
       may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
       without specific prior written permission.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
    GAI_ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    FOR GAI_ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON GAI_ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN GAI_ANY WAY
    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    SUCH DAMAGE.

### Floating point exception control

The source for the `fpectl` module includes the following notice:

      ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     /                       Copyright (c) 1996.                           \
    |          The Regents of the University of California.                 |
    |                        All rights reserved.                           |
    |                                                                       |
    |   Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for   |
    |   any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this en-   |
    |   tire notice is included in all copies of any software which is or   |
    |   includes  a  copy  or  modification  of  this software and in all   |
    |   copies of the supporting documentation for such software.           |
    |                                                                       |
    |   This  work was produced at the University of California, Lawrence   |
    |   Livermore National Laboratory under  contract  no.  W-7405-ENG-48   |
    |   between  the  U.S.  Department  of  Energy and The Regents of the   |
    |   University of California for the operation of UC LLNL.              |
    |                                                                       |
    |                              DISCLAIMER                               |
    |                                                                       |
    |   This  software was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an   |
    |   agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States   |
    |   Government  nor the University of California nor any of their em-   |
    |   ployees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or  assumes  any   |
    |   liability  or  responsibility  for the accuracy, completeness, or   |
    |   usefulness of any information,  apparatus,  product,  or  process   |
    |   disclosed,   or  represents  that  its  use  would  not  infringe   |
    |   privately-owned rights. Reference herein to any specific  commer-   |
    |   cial  products,  process,  or  service  by trade name, trademark,   |
    |   manufacturer, or otherwise, does not  necessarily  constitute  or   |
    |   imply  its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United   |
    |   States Government or the University of California. The views  and   |
    |   opinions  of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or   |
    |   reflect those of the United States Government or  the  University   |
    |   of  California,  and shall not be used for advertising or product   |
     \  endorsement purposes.                                              /
      ---------------------------------------------------------------------

### MD5 message digest algorithm

The source code for the `md5` module contains the following notice:

    Copyright (C) 1999, 2002 Aladdin Enterprises.  All rights reserved.

    This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
    warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
    arising from the use of this software.

    Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
    including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
    freely, subject to the following restrictions:

    1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
       claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
       in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
       appreciated but is not required.
    2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
       misrepresented as being the original software.
    3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

    L. Peter Deutsch
    ghost@aladdin.com

    Independent implementation of MD5 (RFC 1321).

    This code implements the MD5 Algorithm defined in RFC 1321, whose
    text is available at
          http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt
    The code is derived from the text of the RFC, including the test suite
    (section A.5) but excluding the rest of Appendix A.  It does not include
    any code or documentation that is identified in the RFC as being
    copyrighted.

    The original and principal author of md5.h is L. Peter Deutsch
    <ghost@aladdin.com>.  Other authors are noted in the change history
    that follows (in reverse chronological order):

    2002-04-13 lpd Removed support for non-ANSI compilers; removed
          references to Ghostscript; clarified derivation from RFC 1321;
          now handles byte order either statically or dynamically.
    1999-11-04 lpd Edited comments slightly for automatic TOC extraction.
    1999-10-18 lpd Fixed typo in header comment (ansi2knr rather than md5);
          added conditionalization for C++ compilation from Martin
          Purschke <purschke@bnl.gov>.
    1999-05-03 lpd Original version.

### Asynchronous socket services

The `asynchat` and `asyncore` modules contain the following notice:

    Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing

                            All Rights Reserved

    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
    its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
    granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
    copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
    notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam
    Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
    distribution of the software without specific, written prior
    permission.

    SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
    INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
    NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
    CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
    OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
    NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
    CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

### Cookie management

The `Cookie` module contains the following notice:

    Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>

                   All Rights Reserved

    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
    and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
    granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
    copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
    notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
    Timothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicity
    pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
    prior permission.

    Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
    SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
    AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FOR
    ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
    WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
    WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
    ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
    PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

### Profiling

The `profile` and `pstats` modules contain the following notice:

    Copyright 1994, by InfoSeek Corporation, all rights reserved.
    Written by James Roskind

    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software
    and its associated documentation for any purpose (subject to the
    restriction in the following sentence) without fee is hereby granted,
    provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, and
    that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
    supporting documentation, and that the name of InfoSeek not be used in
    advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
    without specific, written prior permission.  This permission is
    explicitly restricted to the copying and modification of the software
    to remain in Python, compiled Python, or other languages (such as C)
    wherein the modified or derived code is exclusively imported into a
    Python module.

    INFOSEEK CORPORATION DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
    SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
    FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL INFOSEEK CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
    SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
    RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
    CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
    CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

### Execution tracing

The `trace` module contains the following notice:

    portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...
    err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the
    Python 2.2 license.
    Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx
    http://zooko.com/
    mailto:zooko@zooko.com

    Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.
    Author: Skip Montanaro

    Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.
    Author: Andrew Dalke

    Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.
    Author: Skip Montanaro

    Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.

    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and
    its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby
    granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,
    and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
    supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,
    Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
    distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.

### UUencode and UUdecode functions

The `uu` module contains the following notice:

    Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse
    Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.
                           All Rights Reserved
    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
    documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
    provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
    both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
    supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse
    not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
    of the software without specific, written prior permission.
    LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
    THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
    FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE
    FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
    WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
    ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
    OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

    Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:
    - Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion
      between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C
      version is still 5 times faster, though.
    - Arguments more compliant with Python standard

### XML Remote Procedure Calls

The `xmlrpclib` module contains the following notice:

        The XML-RPC client interface is

    Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
    Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh

    By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
    associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
    and will comply with the following terms and conditions:

    Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
    its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
    hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
    all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
    notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
    Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
    pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
    prior permission.

    SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
    TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
    ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
    BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
    DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
    WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
    ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
    OF THIS SOFTWARE.

### test_epoll

The `test_epoll` contains the following notice:

    Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
    a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
    "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
    without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
    distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
    permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
    the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
    included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
    NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
    LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
    OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
    WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

### Select kqueue

The `select` and contains the following notice for the kqueue interface:

    Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian Heimes
    All rights reserved.

    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
    are met:
    1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
    ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
    IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
    ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
    FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
    DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
    OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
    HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
    LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
    OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    SUCH DAMAGE.

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